二层交换机和三层交换机怎么互通（交换机配置不同网段互通）

写在前面问答平台看到这样一个问题，回答后所以顺便整理一下一般情况下，三层交换机不直接连终端，太浪费了，可以连一个交换机然后再连终端傍晚时分，你坐在屋檐下，看着天慢慢地黑下去，心里寂寞而凄凉，感到自己的生命被剥夺了。当时我是个年轻人，但我害怕这样生活下去，衰老下去。在我看来，这是比死亡更可怕的事。--------王小波

二层交换机和三层交换机怎么互通

案例

需求：实验室有一条接入网线，该网线直接连接PC，PC的IP设置为 192.168.100.xxx 后可以访问服务器机房的服务器（IP为192.168.100.1），但是想要实验室内的多台PC都能访问 192.168.100.1，请问交换机应该如何配置？

拓扑图

设计拓扑图

拓扑图。配置

配置三层交换机

配置终端IP

ping测试

配置

配置三层交换机

在三层交换机LSW上创建VLAN

Please press enter to start cmd line!<Huawei>syst    <Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.[Huawei]vlan batch 100 10Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.[Huawei]Oct 16 2021 14:06:41-08:00 Huawei DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 4, the change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.[Huawei]quit<Huawei>undo terminal debuggingInfo: Current terminal debugging is off.<Huawei>undo terminal monitorInfo: Current terminal monitor is off.<Huawei>undo terminal loggingInfo: Current terminal logging is off.<Huawei>undo terminal trappingInfo: Current terminal trapping is off.

将接口加入到对应VLAN中

<Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.[Huawei]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 100[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit[Huawei]port-group 2[Huawei-port-group-2]group-member GigabitEthernet 0/0/2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/3 [Huawei-port-group-2]port link-type access[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type access[Huawei-port-group-2]port default vlan 10[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 10[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port default vlan 10[Huawei-port-group-2]quit

在三层交换机上给VLAN配置网关

[Huawei]interface Vlanif 100[Huawei-Vlanif100]ip address 192.168.100.254 24[Huawei-Vlanif100]quit[Huawei]interface Vlanif 10[Huawei-Vlanif10]ip address 192.168.10.254 24[Huawei-Vlanif10]quit[Huawei]display ip routing-table | include /24Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public         Destinations : 6        Routes : 6        Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface   192.168.10.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.10.254  Vlanif10  192.168.100.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.100.254 Vlanif100[Huawei]

配置终端

服务器

PC>ipconfigLink local IPv6 address...........: fe80::5689:98ff:fea0:1eb4IPv6 address......................: :: / 128IPv6 gateway......................: ::IPv4 address......................: 192.168.100.1Subnet mask.......................: 255.255.255.0Gateway...........................: 192.168.100.254Physical address..................: 54-89-98-A0-1E-B4DNS server........................:PC>ping 192.168.10.2Ping 192.168.10.2: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to breakFrom 192.168.10.2: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=127 time=110 msFrom 192.168.10.2: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=127 time=47 msFrom 192.168.10.2: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=127 time=46 ms--- 192.168.10.2 ping statistics ---  3 packet(s) transmitted  3 packet(s) received  0.00% packet loss  round-trip min/avg/max = 46/67/110 ms

PC1

Welcome to use PC Simulator!PC>ipconfigLink local IPv6 address...........: fe80::5689:98ff:fea7:1ca1IPv6 address......................: :: / 128IPv6 gateway......................: ::IPv4 address......................: 192.168.10.2Subnet mask.......................: 255.255.255.0Gateway...........................: 192.168.10.254Physical address..................: 54-89-98-A7-1C-A1DNS server........................:PC>ping 192.168.100.1Ping 192.168.100.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to breakFrom 192.168.100.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=127 time=47 msFrom 192.168.100.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=127 time=31 ms--- 192.168.100.1 ping statistics ---  2 packet(s) transmitted  2 packet(s) received  0.00% packet loss  round-trip min/avg/max = 31/39/47 ms

PC2

PC>ipconfigLink local IPv6 address...........: fe80::5689:98ff:fe84:2ce2IPv6 address......................: :: / 128IPv6 gateway......................: ::IPv4 address......................: 192.168.10.3Subnet mask.......................: 255.255.255.0Gateway...........................: 192.168.10.254Physical address..................: 54-89-98-84-2C-E2DNS server........................:PC>ping 192.168.100.1Ping 192.168.100.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to breakRequest timeout!From 192.168.100.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=127 time=47 msFrom 192.168.100.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=127 time=47 msFrom 192.168.100.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=127 time=47 ms--- 192.168.100.1 ping statistics ---  4 packet(s) transmitted  3 packet(s) received  25.00% packet loss  round-trip min/avg/max = 0/47/47 ms

一般的解决方案

综合组网

案例(更合理地使用三层交换机)：交换机、三层交换机、路由构建网络

需求：实验室有一条接入网线，该网线直接连接PC，PC的IP设置为 192.168.4.xxx 后可以访问服务器机房的服务器（IP为192.168.5.1），但是想要实验室内的多台PC都能访问 192.168.5.1，请问交换机应该如何配置？

综合组网

第一步：设计好网络拓扑结构；为了缓解三层交换机的压力，通常连接外部网路需要连接一个路由器。路由器的功能要比三成交换机强大。

PC1: IP地址：192.168.1.1/24 网关：192.168.1.254PC2: IP地址：192.168.2.1/24 网关：192.168.2.254PC3: IP地址：192.168.3.1/24 网关：192.168.3.254PC4: IP地址：192.168.5.1/24 网关：192.168.5.254

<LSW1>system-view[LSW1]vlan batch 2 to 3 #二层交换机上创建vlan

[LSW1]interface Ethernet 0/0/2[LSW1-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type access[LSW1-Ethernet0/0/2]port default vlan 2[LSW1-Ethernet0/0/2]display vlan #查看结果[LSW1]interface Ethernet 0/0/3[LSW1-Ethernet0/0/3]port link-type access[LSW1-Ethernet0/0/3]port default vlan 3[LSW1-Ethernet0/0/3]display vlan #查看结果

#在二层交换机LSW1 (S3700)的Ethernet 0/0/4接口配置trunk[LSW1]interface Ethernet 0/0/4[LSW1-Ethernet0/0/4]port link-type trunk[LSW1-Ethernet0/0/4]port trunk allow-pass vlan all[LSW1-Ethernet0/0/4]quit[LSW1]display current-configuration#在三层交换机LSW2(S5700)的Ethernet 0/0/4接口配置trunk[LSW2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan all[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit[LSW2]display current-configuration

<LSW2>system-view[LSW2]vlan batch 2 to 4 #三层交换机上创建vlan[LSW2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 4[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]display vlan #查看结果

#在vlan 1上配置IP地址[LSW2]interface Vlanif 1[LSW2-Vlanif1]ip address 192.168.1.254 24[LSW2-Vlanif1]quit#在vlan 2上配置IP地址[LSW2]interface Vlanif 2[LSW2-Vlanif2]ip address 192.168.2.254 24[LSW2-Vlanif2]quit#在vlan 3上配置IP地址[LSW2]interface Vlanif 3[LSW2-Vlanif3]ip address 192.168.3.254 24[LSW2-Vlanif3]quit#在vlan 4上配置IP地址[LSW2]interface Vlanif 4[LSW2-Vlanif4]ip address 192.168.4.1 24[LSW2-Vlanif4]quit[LSW2]display ip routing-table | include /24 #查看虚接口配置信息

<AR1>system-view[AR1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.4.2 24[AR1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.5.254 24 #在路由器上给5.0网段配置网关[AR1]display ip routing-table | include /24 #查看接口IP地址配置信息

<LSW2>system-view[LSW2]ip route-static 192.168.5.0 24 192.168.4.2 #目标网段，子网掩码，下一跳地址[LSW2]display ip routing-table | include /24

<AR1>system-view[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.4.1 #目标网段，子网掩码，下一跳地址[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 192.168.4.1[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.3.0 24 192.168.4.1[AR1]display ip routing-table | include /24

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